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예술인도유럽어의 명사 변화 (원본 보기)

2024년 2월 20일 (화) 12:32 판

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á é í ó ú ā ē ī ō ū ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́

'''표준 문어체'''

{| class="wikitable"

á é í ó ú ā ē ī ō ū ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́

'''표준 구어체'''

{| class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" |

! Acrostatic root noun

! Acrostatic lengthened root noun

! Amphikinetic(?) root noun

! Hysterokinetic ''r''-stem

! Amphikinetic ''n''-stem

! Hysterokinetic ''n''-stem

|-

! colspan="2" | [[gloss (annotation)|Gloss]]

| night (f.)

| moon (m.)

| foot (m.)

| father (m.)

| lake (m.)

| bull (m.) (< "ox")

|-

! rowspan="7" | Sing.

! nom.

| {{PIE|*nókʷt-s}}

| {{PIE|*mḗh₁n̥-s}}

| {{PIE|*pṓd-s}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂t-ér-s}}<ref name="Szemerenyi" group="note" />

| {{PIE|*léymō}}

| {{PIE|*uksḗn}}

|-

! voc.

| {{PIE|*nókʷt}}

| {{PIE|*mḗh₁n̥s}}

| {{PIE|*pód}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tér}}

| {{PIE|*léymon}}

| {{PIE|*úksen}}

|-

! acc.

| {{PIE|*nókʷtm̥}}

| {{PIE|*mḗh₁n̥sm̥}}

| {{PIE|*pódm̥}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂térm̥}}

| {{PIE|*léymonm̥}}

| {{PIE|*uksénm̥}}

|-

! inst.

| {{PIE|*nékʷt(e)h₁}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥s(e)h₁}}

| {{PIE|*pedéh₁}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥éh₁}}

| {{PIE|*limnéh₁}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥éh₁}}

|-

! dat.

| {{PIE|*nékʷtey}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥sey}}

| {{PIE|*pedéy}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥éy}}

| {{PIE|*limnéy}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥éy}}

|-

! abl./gen.

| {{PIE|*nékʷts}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥sos}}

| {{PIE|*pedés}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥és}}

| {{PIE|*limnés}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥és}}

|-

! loc.

| {{PIE|*nékʷt(i)}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥s(i)}}

| {{PIE|*péd(i)}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tér(i)}}

| {{PIE|*limén(i)}}

| {{PIE|*uksén(i)}}

|-

! Dual

! nom./voc./acc.

| {{PIE|*nókʷth₁e}}

| {{PIE|*mḗh₁n̥sh₁e}}

| {{PIE|*pódh₁e}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂térh₁e}}

| {{PIE|*léymonh₁e}}

| {{PIE|*uksénh₁e}}

|-

! rowspan="6" | Plur.

! n.-v.

| {{PIE|*nókʷtes}}

| {{PIE|*mḗh₁n̥ses}}

| {{PIE|*pódes}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂téres}}

| {{PIE|*léymones}}

| {{PIE|*uksénes}}

|-

! acc.

| {{PIE|*nókʷtn̥s}}

| {{PIE|*mḗh₁n̥sn̥s}}

| {{PIE|*pódn̥s}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂térn̥s}}

| {{PIE|*léymonn̥s}}

| {{PIE|*uksénn̥s}}

|-

! inst.

| {{PIE|*nékʷtbʰi}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥sbʰi}}

| {{PIE|*pedbʰí}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥bʰí}}

| {{PIE|*limn̥bʰí}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥bʰí}}

|-

! dat./abl.

| {{PIE|*nékʷtm̥os}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥smos}}

| {{PIE|*pedmós}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥mós}}

| {{PIE|*limn̥mós}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥mós}}

|-

! gen.

| {{PIE|*nékʷtoHom}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥soHom}}

| {{PIE|*pedóHom}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥óHom}}

| {{PIE|*limn̥óHom}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥óHom}}

|-

! loc.

| {{PIE|*nékʷtsu}}

| {{PIE|*méh₁n̥su}}

| {{PIE|*pedsú}}

| {{PIE|*ph₂tr̥sú}}

| {{PIE|*limn̥sú}}

| {{PIE|*uksn̥sú}}

|-

| colspan="8" |

|-

! colspan="2" |

! Proterokinetic neuter ''r/n''-stem

! Amphikinetic collective neuter ''r/n''-stem

! Amphikinetic ''m''-stem

! Proterokinetic ''ti''-stem

! Proterokinetic ''tu''-stem

! Proterokinetic neuter ''u''-stem

|-

! colspan="2" | gloss

| water (n.)

| water(s) (n.)

| earth (f.)

| thought (f.)

| taste (m.)

| tree (n.)

|-

! rowspan="7" | Sing.

! nom.

| rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*wódr̥}}

| rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*wédōr}}

| {{PIE|*dʰéǵʰō-m}}

| {{PIE|*mént-i-s}}

| {{PIE|*ǵéwstu-s}}

| rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*dóru}}

|-

! voc.

| {{PIE|*dʰéǵʰom}}

| {{PIE|*ménti}}

| {{PIE|*ǵéwstu}}

|-

! acc.

| {{PIE|*dʰéǵʰōm}}

| {{PIE|*méntim}}

| {{PIE|*ǵéwstum}}

|-

! inst.

| {{PIE|*udénh₁}}

| {{PIE|*udnéh₁}}

| {{PIE|*ǵʰméh₁}}

| {{PIE|*mn̥tíh₁}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustúh₁}}

| {{PIE|*drúh₁}}

|-

! dat.

| {{PIE|*udéney}}

| {{PIE|*udnéy}}

| {{PIE|*ǵʰméy}}

| {{PIE|*mn̥téyey}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustéwey}}

| {{PIE|*dréwey}}

|-

! abl./gen.

| {{PIE|*udéns}}

| {{PIE|*udnés}}

| {{PIE|*ǵʰmés}}

| {{PIE|*mn̥téys}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustéws}}

| {{PIE|*dréws}}

|-

! loc.

| {{PIE|*udén(i)}}

| {{PIE|*ǵʰdʰsém(i)}}

| {{PIE|*mn̥téy (-ēy)}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustéw(i)}}

| {{PIE|*dréw(i)}}

|-

! Dual

! nom./voc./acc.

|

| {{PIE|*méntih₁}}

| {{PIE|*ǵéwstuh₁}}

| {{PIE|*dórwih₁}}

|-

! rowspan="6" | Plur.

! n.-v.

|

| {{PIE|*ménteyes}}

| {{PIE|*ǵéwstewes}}

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*dóruh₂}}

|-

! acc.

|

| {{PIE|*méntins}}

| {{PIE|*ǵéwstuns}}

|-

! inst.

|

| {{PIE|*mn̥tíbʰi}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustúbʰi}}

| {{PIE|*drúbʰi}}

|-

! dat./abl.

|

| {{PIE|*mn̥tímos}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustúmos}}

| {{PIE|*drúmos}}

|-

! gen.

|

| {{PIE|*mn̥téyoHom}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustéwoHom}}

| {{PIE|*dréwoHom}}

|-

! loc.

|

| {{PIE|*mn̥tísu}}

| {{PIE|*ǵustúsu}}

| {{PIE|*drúsu}}

|-

| colspan="8" |

|-

! colspan="2" |

! Neuter ''s''-stem

! Proterokinetic ''h₂''-stem

! Hysterokinetic ''h₂''-stem

! ''eh₂''-stem (''ā''-stem)

! ''o''-stem

! Neuter ''o''-stem

|-

! colspan="2" | Gloss

| cloud (n.)

| woman (f.) (> "queen")

| tongue (f.)

| grain (f.)

| nest (m.)

| work (n.)

|-

! rowspan="8" | Sing.

! nom.

| rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*nébʰo-s}}

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*gʷḗn}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂-s}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHn-éh₂}}

| {{PIE|*nisd-ó-s}}

| rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*wérǵ-o-m}}

|-

! voc.

| {{PIE|*dń̥ǵʰweh₂}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHn[á]}}

| {{PIE|*nisdé}}

|-

! acc.

| {{PIE|*gʷénh₂m̥}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂m (-ām)}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂m (-ā́m)}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóm}}

|-

! inst.

| {{PIE|*nébʰes(e)h₁}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂(e)h₁}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂éh₁}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂(e)h₁}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóh₁}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵoh₁}}

|-

! dat.

| {{PIE|*nébʰesey}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂ey}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂éy}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂ey}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóey}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵoey}}

|-

! abl.

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*nébʰesos}}

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂s}}

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂és}}

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂s}}

| {{PIE|*nisdéad}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵead}}

|-

! gen.

| {{PIE|*nisdósyo}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵosyo}}

|-

! loc.

| {{PIE|*nébʰes(i)}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂(i)}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂(i)}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂(i)}}

| {{PIE|*nisdéy}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵey}}

|-

! Dual

! nom./voc./acc.

| {{PIE|*nébʰesih₁}}

| {{PIE|*gʷénh₂h₁e}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁e}}

| ?

| {{PIE|*nisdóh₁}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵoy(h₁)}}

|-

! rowspan="6" | Plur.

! n.-v.

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*nébʰōs}}

| {{PIE|*gʷénh₂es}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂es}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂es}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóes}}

| rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*wérǵeh₂}}

|-

! acc.

| {{PIE|*gʷénh₂n̥s}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂ns (-ās)}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂ns (-ās)}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóns}}

|-

! inst.

| {{PIE|*nébʰesbʰi}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂bʰi}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰí}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂bʰi}}

| {{PIE|*nisdṓys}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵōys}}

|-

! dat./abl.

| {{PIE|*nébʰesmos}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂mos}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂mós}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂mos}}

| {{PIE|*nisdó(y)mos}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵo(y)mos}}

|-

! gen.

| {{PIE|*nébʰesoHom}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂oHom}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂óHom}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂oHom}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóoHom}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵooHom}}

|-

! loc.

| {{PIE|*nébʰesu}}

| {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂su}}

| {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂sú}}

| {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂su}}

| {{PIE|*nisdóysu}}

| {{PIE|*wérǵoysu}}

|}

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