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{{documentation subpage}}{{uses lua|Module:la-verb}}
This template creates a conjugation table for all types of Latin verbs. It replaces the several {{temp|la-conj-*}} templates that used to exist.
==Basic usage==
For basic verbs of conjugation classes 1, 2 and 4, specify them as follows:
* {{m|la|amō||to love}}: {{temp|la-conj|1+|amō}}
* {{m|la|habeō||to have}}: {{temp|la-conj|2+|habeō}}
* {{m|la|custōdiō||to guard}}: {{temp|la-conj|4+|custōdiō}}
* {{m|la|audiō||to hear}}: {{temp|la-conj|4++|audiō}}
Here, the <code>+</code> and <code>++</code> signs means to use the default principal parts:
* ''amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum''
* ''habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum''
* ''custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdīvī, custōdītum''
* ''audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum''
Note the difference between <code>4+</code>, which generates a single perfect stem in ''-īv'', and <code>4++</code>, which generates two perfect stems in ''-īv'' and ''-i''.
For verbs of conjugation classes 3, and more complex verbs of other conjugation classes, you will need to specify the verb class along with the lemma, perfect stem and supine stem, as follows:
* {{m|la|capiō||to take}}: {{temp|la-conj|3|capiō|cēp|capt}}
* {{m|la|videō||to see}}: {{temp|la-conj|2|videō|vīd|vīs}}
For deponent verbs and semi-deponent verbs, only the supine stem is given:
* {{m|la|sequor||to follow}}: {{temp|la-conj|3|sequor|secūt}}
* {{m|la|gaudeō||to rejoice}}: {{temp|la-conj|2.semi-depon|gaudeō|gāvīs}}
The conjugation class can optionally be followed by one or more subtypes (as in the above example {{m|la|gaudeō}}):
* {{m|la|pausō||to pause}}: {{temp|la-conj|1+.nopass|pausō}} (no passives exist)
* {{m|la|veniō||to come}}: {{temp|la-conj|4.pass-impers|veniō|vēn|vent}} (only impersonal passives exist)
* {{m|la|placeō||to please}}: {{temp|la-conj|2+.opt-semi-depon.noimp|placeō}} (the verb is optionally semi-deponent, i.e. the perfect is either ''placuī'' or ''placitus sum'', and there is no imperative)
If there is no perfect, or no supine, just leave the form out:
* {{m|la|nō||to swim}}: {{temp|la-conj|1.nopass|nō|nāv}} (or equivalently {{temp|la-conj|1+.nopass|nō||-}})
As shown in the previous example, when you use one of the <code>+</code> variants, which automatically generate default perfect and supine stems, you can cancel any of the stems using <code>-</code>.
Impersonal and third-person-only verbs should use the third-person singular as the lemma, except for highly irregular verbs that use the conjugation type <code>irreg</code> (see below):
* {{m|la|grandinat||to hail}}: {{temp|la-conj|1.nopass|grandinat}}
* {{m|la|pertaedet||to disgust, to bore}}: {{temp|la-conj|2.semi-depon|pertaedet|pertaes}}
* {{m|la|decet||to suit}}: {{temp|la-conj|2.3only.nopass|decet|decu}}
If the third-person singular is provided as the lemma, it is assumed to be impersonal. If the verb is third-person-only (i.e. it has both third-person singular and plural, but no other forms), use the subtype <code>.3only</code>.
==Parameters==
The following parameters are allowed:
* {{para|1}}: Conjugation type, along with any subtypes.
* {{para|2}}: Lemma with macrons; may include links.
* {{para|3}}: Perfect stem (or supine stem if the verb is deponent or semi-deponent). Separate multiple stems with a slash.
* {{para|4}}: Supine stem, for verbs that aren't deponent or semi-deponent. Separate multiple stems with a slash.
* {{para|prefix}}: Prefix to add to all forms (or to non-passive forms if {{para|passive_prefix}} is given); may include links.
* {{para|passive_prefix}}: Prefix to add to passive forms; may include links.
* {{para|suffix}}: Suffix to add to all forms (or to non-passive forms if {{para|passive_suffix}} is given); may include links.
* {{para|passive_suffix}}: Suffix to add to passive forms; may include links.
Examples of using the prefix and suffix parameters:
* {{m|la|acū pingō||to [[tattoo]]}}: <code><nowiki>{{la-conj|prefix=[[acus|acū]]|3|pingō|pīnx|pict}}</nowiki></code>
* {{m|la|dūcō uxōrem||to [[marry]]}}: <code><nowiki>{{la-conj|irreg|dūcō|suffix=[[uxor|uxōrem]]|passive_suffix=[[uxor]]}}</nowiki></code>
In addition, any individual form can be overridden, e.g. using {{para|1s_pres_actv_indc}} to override the first-singular present active indicative. See [[#Overriding individual forms]].
===Subtypes===
Here is a complete list of available subtypes:
* Not detected automatically:
** <code>.3only</code>: Third-person singular and plural forms only. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin third-person-only verbs]].
** <code>.always-sync-perf</code>: ????? Currently used for {{m|la|saeviō}} only.
** <code>.nofut</code>: No future tenses. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with missing future]].
** <code>.noimp</code>: No imperative. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with missing imperative]].
** <code>.no-pasv-perf</code>: No passive perfect forms. Example: {{m|la|urgeō}}.
** <code>.nopass</code>: No passive forms. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin active-only verbs]].
** <code>.nosup</code>: No supine stem. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with missing supine stem]].
** <code>.opt-semi-depon</code>: Optional semi-deponent verbs use perfective passive forms with active meaning, but also have perfect active forms with the same meaning, and have no imperfective passive. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin semi-deponent verbs]] and [[:Category:Latin optionally semi-deponent verbs]].
** <code>.opt-sync-perf</code>: ????? Currently used for {{m|la|serviō}} only.
** <code>.p3inf</code>: The poetic present passive infinitive form in ''-ier'' is attested.
** <code>.pass-3only</code>: The passive voice has third-person singular and plural forms only. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with third-person passive]].
** <code>.pass-impers</code>: Impersonal in the passive voice (third-person singular passive forms only). Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with impersonal passive]].
** <code>.poet-sync-perf</code>: The poetic syncopated perfect forms lacking ''-vi-'' or ''-ui-'' are attested.
** <code>.semi-depon</code>: Semi-deponent verbs use perfective passive forms with active meaning, and have no imperfective passive. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin semi-deponent verbs]].
** <code>.sigm</code>: At least one sigmatic form is attested. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with sigmatic forms]].
** <code>.sigmpasv</code>: At least one passive sigmatic form is attested. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with passive sigmatic forms]].
** <code>.suffix</code>: Used for suffix entries such as {{m|la|-ō}}. Prevents categorisation as a verb.
** <code>.sup-futr-actv-only</code>: No supine stem except in the future active participle. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with missing supine stem except in the future active participle]].
* Normally detected automatically, only specified manually for certain verbs:
** <code>.I</code>: Treat the verb as a mixed-conjugation verb like {{m|la|capiō}}.
** <code>.-I</code>: Do not treat the verb as a mixed-conjugation verb like {{m|la|capiō}}.
** <code>.impers</code>: Impersonal (third-person singular forms only). Only specified manually for compounds of highly irregular verbs. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin impersonal verbs]].
** <code>.noperf</code>: No perfect forms. Only specified manually for compounds of highly irregular verbs. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with missing perfect stem]].
** <code>.nound</code>: Do not show gerund forms in ''-und-''. Automatically enabled for verbs where the gerund stem is ''-uend-'' or ''-vend-''.
* Detected automatically, should never be specified manually:
** <code>.depon</code>: Deponent verb. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin deponent verbs]].
** <code>.perf-as-pres</code>: Perfect forms have present meaning. Places the entry into [[:Category:Latin verbs with missing present stem]] and [[:Category:Latin verbs with perfect forms having imperfective meanings]].
===Irregular verbs===
Certain irregular verbs are handled specially, and should use the conjugation type <code>irreg</code>, e.g.:
* {{m|la|faciō}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|faciō}}
* {{m|la|pereō}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|pereō}}
* {{m|la|libet}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|libet}}
* {{m|la|subsum}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|subsum}}
* {{m|la|prōferō}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|prōferō}}
As shown above, compounds of irregular verbs are handled properly.
Some compounds of {{m|la|sum}} and {{m|la|ferō}} are more complex because the various forms of the base verb begin with different letters, and the prefix assumes different forms before those different letters. These are handled through extra parameters:
* {{m|la|prōsum}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|prōsum|prōd|prō}}
* {{m|la|assum}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|assum|ad|af}}
* {{m|la|afferō}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|afferō|at|al}}
* {{m|la|cōnferō}}: {{temp|la-conj|irreg|cōnferō|con|col}}
For {{m|la|sum}}, the third parameter is the prefix to use before forms beginning with ''e-'', and the fourth parameter is the prefix to use before forms beginning with ''f-''. For {{m|la|ferō}}, the third parameter is the prefix to use before forms beginning with ''t-'' (the perfect), and the fourth parameter is the prefix to use before forms beginning with ''l-'' (the supine). In all cases, an omitted parameter defaults to the prefix found in the lemma.
In the event a compound of an irregular verb is used impersonally, use the conjugation type <code>irreg.impers</code>.
The following is the current list of recognized irregular verbs:
* {{m|la|āiō}}, {{m|la|aiiō}}
* {{m|la|dīcō}}
* {{m|la|dūcō}}
* {{m|la|faciō}}
* {{m|la|fīō}}
* {{m|la|ferō}}
* {{m|la|inquam}}
* {{m|la|libet}}
* {{m|la|lubet}}
* {{m|la|licet}}
* {{m|la|volō}}
* {{m|la|mālō}}
* {{m|la|nōlō}}
* {{m|la|possum}}
* {{m|la|piget}}
* {{m|la|coepī}}
* {{m|la|sum}}
* {{m|la|edō}}
* {{m|la|dō}}
* {{m|la|eō}}
===Overriding individual forms===
In very rare cases it may be necessary to override individual forms of verbs. This is done using individual parameters for each form. See the following examples:
* For finite forms, {{para|1s_pres_actv_indc}} – person (1/2/3), number (s/p), tense (pres/impf/futr/perf/plup/futp/sigf/siga), voice (actv/pasv), mood (indc/subj/impr)
* For participles and infinitives, {{para|perf_actv_ptc}} – tense, voice, form (ptc/inf)
* For gerunds and supines, {{para|ger_gen}} – form (ger/sup), case (gen/dat/acc/abl)
If multiple forms are possible, separate the forms by a forward slash: {{para|3s_impf_actv_subj|coesset/cōnforet}}
<includeonly>
[[Category:Latin verb inflection-table templates|conj]]
</includeonly>
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 처격
→수사
|언어명=코간드어
|원어명=Luchur Cogand
|사용 지역=중앙아시아 대부분, [[코간드 연방 공화국]]의 공용어
|사용 인구=약 1억 2500만명
|사용 문자=로마자, 그리스문자, 아랍문자
==개요==
코간드어는 박창훈이 Ling Centre가 2021년 후반기에 만들었을 것으로 추정되는 한국어족의 [[인공어]]이다. 중동과 중아시아에서 중앙아시아에서 제2외국어로 활봘하게 활발하게 쓰인다. 방언이 5개이고 사실상 다른 언어 수준이라 공적인 장소에서는 왠만하면 간편화된 표준어(문화 코간드어)를 사용한다.
== 음운 ==
ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́
===인칭대명사===
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 탈격
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 구격
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 처격
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 향격
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 1인칭 단수
| style="text-align: center;" | 나
| style="text-align: center;" | AdaMan
| style="text-align: center;" | me
| style="text-align: center;" | maemei| style="text-align: center;" | minismys/mya/myn
| style="text-align: center;" | mex
| style="text-align: center;" | mero
| style="text-align: center;" | metrasmeste| style="text-align: center;" | mesemetro
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 1인칭 복수
| style="text-align: center;" | 우리
| style="text-align: center;" | Uri
| style="text-align: center;" | viruri| style="text-align: center;" | vuraevorei| style="text-align: center;" | vunisvyris/vyria/vyrin| style="text-align: center;" | virixvorex| style="text-align: center;" | virrovorro| style="text-align: center;" | victrasvoreste| style="text-align: center;" | virsevorestro
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 2인칭 단수
| style="text-align: center;" | 너나| style="text-align: center;" | TuSy/Ne| style="text-align: center;" | tese| style="text-align: center;" | tiasoe| style="text-align: center;" | tissys/sya/syn| style="text-align: center;" | texsoex| style="text-align: center;" | tejosoero| style="text-align: center;" | teumsoeste| style="text-align: center;" | teassoetro
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 2인칭 복수
| style="text-align: center;" | 너희
| style="text-align: center;" | Nihi
| style="text-align: center;" | niniel| style="text-align: center;" | negaenegei
| style="text-align: center;" | negis
| style="text-align: center;" | nix
| style="text-align: center;" | nixus
| style="text-align: center;" | negnictrumnigistrum| style="text-align: center;" | nuasnigistro
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 3인칭 남성 단수
| style="text-align: center;" | ce
| style="text-align: center;" | cae
| style="text-align: center;" | cuvisceis/ceia/cein| style="text-align: center;" | coxcex| style="text-align: center;" | cuaxcero| style="text-align: center;" | curumcese| style="text-align: center;" | cuascetri
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 3인칭 여성 단수
| style="text-align: center;" | 그녀
| style="text-align: center;" | CiCia
| style="text-align: center;" | cia
| style="text-align: center;" | ciae
| style="text-align: center;" | caviscias/ciae/cian| style="text-align: center;" | caxcix| style="text-align: center;" | caexciro| style="text-align: center;" | carumcise| style="text-align: center;" | caescitri
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 3인칭 중성 단수
| style="text-align: center;" | ce
| style="text-align: center;" | cae
| style="text-align: center;" | cevisceis/ceia/cein
| style="text-align: center;" | cex
| style="text-align: center;" | ceaxcero| style="text-align: center;" | cerumcese| style="text-align: center;" | ceascetri
|-
| style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | 3인칭 복수
===수사===
수사는 명사를 수식하는 형용사로도 쓰일 수 있다. 그럴 때에는 각각의 형식에 맞는 성별 변화를 같는다. (ex. -us/-a/-um(-os/-a/-on))
ā ē ī ō ū
|-
! 1
| ona odnus || tetatetus
|-
! 2
| dui dupris || duprduprisas
|-
! 3
|-
! 4
| necis || tol'''āris'''neste
|-
! 5
| tasus tase || tol'''āpto'''taseris
|-
! 6
| iesus iese || tol'''ado'''ieseris
|-
! 7
| nilcup || tol'''uro'''nilcupsus
|-
! 8
| erri || tol'''āstal'''erriris
|-
! 9
| hup || tol'''ia'''hupsus
|-
! 10
| giuri iuri || tol'''uī'''iurisus
|}