|
|
| (같은 사용자의 중간 판 38개는 보이지 않습니다) |
| 10번째 줄: |
10번째 줄: |
| | | | |
| | 다음은 표준 예술인도유럽어 명사들의 굴절이다. | | 다음은 표준 예술인도유럽어 명사들의 굴절이다. |
| − |
| |
| − | ===굴절===
| |
| − |
| |
| − | á é í ó ú ā ē ī ō ū ā́ ḗ ī́ ṓ ū́
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
| |
| − | ! colspan="2" |
| |
| − | ! 어근 강세
| |
| − | ! 접사 강세
| |
| − | ! 양약동성[*약동성은 양쪽에서 발생하는 현상을 말한다.] 강세
| |
| − | ! 전모음동성 ''r'' 줄기
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| − | ! 양약동성 ''n'' 줄기
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| − | ! 전모음동성 ''n'' 줄기
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| − | |-
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| − | ! colspan="2" | 한국어
| |
| − | | 밤 (f.)
| |
| − | | 달 (m.)
| |
| − | | 발 (m.)
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| − | | 아빠 (m.)
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| − | | 샘 (m.)
| |
| − | | 황소 (m.)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan="7" | 단수
| |
| − | ! 주격
| |
| − | | nákts
| |
| − | | mī́ns
| |
| − | | pā́ds
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| − | | patír
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| − | | lī́mō
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| − | | uksī́n
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 호격
| |
| − | | nákt
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| − | | mī́ns
| |
| − | | pád
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| − | | patír
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| − | | lī́mōn
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| − | | úksen
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 대격
| |
| − | | náktem
| |
| − | | mī́nsem
| |
| − | | pádem
| |
| − | | patírem
| |
| − | | lī́monem
| |
| − | | uksínem
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 여격
| |
| − | | níktī
| |
| − | | mínsī
| |
| − | | pedī́
| |
| − | | patrī́
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| − | | limnī́
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| − | | uksnī́
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 탈격/속격
| |
| − | | níkts
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| − | | mínsos
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| − | | pedís
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| − | | patrís
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| − | | limnís
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| − | | uksnís
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| − | |-
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| − | ! 구격
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| − | | níkte
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| − | | mínse
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| − | | pedī́
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| − | | patrī́
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| − | | limnī́
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| − | | uksnī́
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 처격
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| − | | níkti
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| − | | mínsi
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| − | | pídi
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| − | | patíri
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| − | | limíni
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| − | | uksíni
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan="6" | 복수
| |
| − | ! 주격/호격
| |
| − | | náktes
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| − | | mī́nses
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| − | | pádes
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| − | | patíres
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| − | | lī́mones
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| − | | uksínes
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| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 대격
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| − | | náktens
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| − | | mī́nsens
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| − | | pádens
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| − | | patírens
| |
| − | | lī́monens
| |
| − | | uksínens
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 구격
| |
| − | | níktphi
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| − | | mínsphi
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| − | | pedphí
| |
| − | | paterphí
| |
| − | | limenphí
| |
| − | | uksenphí
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 여격/탈격
| |
| − | | níktemos
| |
| − | | míensmos
| |
| − | | pedmás
| |
| − | | patermás
| |
| − | | limenmás
| |
| − | | uksenmás
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 속격
| |
| − | | níktōm
| |
| − | | mī́nsōm
| |
| − | | pedā́m
| |
| − | | paterā́m
| |
| − | | limenā́m
| |
| − | | uksenā́m
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! 처격
| |
| − | | níktsu
| |
| − | | mī́nsu
| |
| − | | pedsú
| |
| − | | patersú
| |
| − | | limensú
| |
| − | | uksensú
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="8" |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="2" |
| |
| − | ! 원동력적 중성 ''r/n''-줄기
| |
| − | ! 양약동성 집합적 중성 ''r/n''-줄기
| |
| − | ! 양약동성 집합적 중성 ''m''-줄기
| |
| − | ! 원동력적 ''ti''-줄기
| |
| − | ! 원동력적 ''tu''-줄기
| |
| − | ! 원동력적 중성 ''u''-줄기
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="2" | gloss
| |
| − | | 물 (n.)
| |
| − | | water(s) (n.)
| |
| − | | earth (f.)
| |
| − | | thought (f.)
| |
| − | | taste (m.)
| |
| − | | tree (n.)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan="7" | Sing.
| |
| − | ! nom.
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*wódr̥}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*wédōr}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰéǵʰō-m}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mént-i-s}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵéwstu-s}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*dóru}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! voc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰéǵʰom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ménti}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵéwstu}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! acc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰéǵʰōm}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*méntim}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵéwstum}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! inst.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udénh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udnéh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵʰméh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥tíh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustúh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*drúh₁}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! dat.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udéney}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udnéy}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵʰméy}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥téyey}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustéwey}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dréwey}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! abl./gen.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udéns}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udnés}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵʰmés}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥téys}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustéws}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dréws}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! loc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udén(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*udén(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵʰdʰsém(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥téy (-ēy)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustéw(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dréw(i)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Dual
| |
| − | ! nom./voc./acc.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*méntih₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵéwstuh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dórwih₁}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan="6" | Plur.
| |
| − | ! n.-v.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ménteyes}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵéwstewes}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*dóruh₂}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! acc.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*méntins}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵéwstuns}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! inst.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥tíbʰi}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustúbʰi}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*drúbʰi}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! dat./abl.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥tímos}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustúmos}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*drúmos}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! gen.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥téyoHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustéwoHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dréwoHom}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! loc.
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*mn̥tísu}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*ǵustúsu}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*drúsu}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | | colspan="8" |
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="2" |
| |
| − | ! Neuter ''s''-stem
| |
| − | ! Proterokinetic ''h₂''-stem
| |
| − | ! Hysterokinetic ''h₂''-stem
| |
| − | ! ''eh₂''-stem (''ā''-stem)
| |
| − | ! ''o''-stem
| |
| − | ! Neuter ''o''-stem
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! colspan="2" | Gloss
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| − | | cloud (n.)
| |
| − | | woman (f.) (> "queen")
| |
| − | | tongue (f.)
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| − | | grain (f.)
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| − | | nest (m.)
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| − | | work (n.)
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan="8" | Sing.
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| − | ! nom.
| |
| − | | rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*nébʰo-s}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*gʷḗn}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂-s}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHn-éh₂}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisd-ó-s}}
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| − | | rowspan="3" | {{PIE|*wérǵ-o-m}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! voc.
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| − | | {{PIE|*dń̥ǵʰweh₂}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHn[á]}}
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| − | | {{PIE|*nisdé}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! acc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷénh₂m̥}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂m (-ām)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂m (-ā́m)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóm}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! inst.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰes(e)h₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂(e)h₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂éh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂(e)h₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵoh₁}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! dat.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰesey}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂ey}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂éy}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂ey}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóey}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵoey}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! abl.
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*nébʰesos}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂s}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂és}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂s}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdéad}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵead}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! gen.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdósyo}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵosyo}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! loc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰes(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂(i)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdéy}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵey}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! Dual
| |
| − | ! nom./voc./acc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰesih₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷénh₂h₁e}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂h₁e}}
| |
| − | | ?
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóh₁}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵoy(h₁)}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! rowspan="6" | Plur.
| |
| − | ! n.-v.
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*nébʰōs}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷénh₂es}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂es}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂es}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóes}}
| |
| − | | rowspan="2" | {{PIE|*wérǵeh₂}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! acc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷénh₂n̥s}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂ns (-ās)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂ns (-ās)}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóns}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! inst.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰesbʰi}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂bʰi}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂bʰí}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂bʰi}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdṓys}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵōys}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! dat./abl.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰesmos}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂mos}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂mós}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂mos}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdó(y)mos}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵo(y)mos}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! gen.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰesoHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂oHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂óHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂oHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóoHom}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵooHom}}
| |
| − | |-
| |
| − | ! loc.
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nébʰesu}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*gʷnéh₂su}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dn̥ǵʰuh₂sú}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*dʰoHnéh₂su}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*nisdóysu}}
| |
| − | | {{PIE|*wérǵoysu}}
| |
| − | |}
| |
2024년 10월 9일 (수) 22:18 기준 최신판
개요
예술인도유럽어는 엄청나게 많은 형식의 명사변화가 있다. 생활어는 이보다 덜하지만 생활어도 복잡한 편이다. 이러한 이유는 인도유럽조어의 명사변화 방식이 3성(남성,여성,중성) 규칙명사만 해도 통합 18개이기 때문이다.
형식
예술인도유럽어는 남성명사가 7개, 여성명사는 6개, 중성명사는 5개의 형식으로 굴절한다.
설법
다음은 표준 예술인도유럽어 명사들의 굴절이다.
